horse bones labeled science olympiad
Horses are well endowed with spring-like anatomical structures capable of energy storage and release. The vertical force-time graph rises smoothly, peaks in midstance, and then decreases with a small change in slope around 85% of stance that represents heel lift. Peak total vertical GRF occurs a little earlier in the hind limbs than in the forelimbs, and the COM oscillations are coordinated between fore and hind limbs and between the thoracolumbar spine and ribcage.